How to Install Ubuntu from USB Flash Drive

Ubuntu operating system is very flexible in terms of media through which it can be installed on a computer. Installing it from a USB drive eliminates the need for burning installation CDs. This way can also be installed on netbooks, that do not have optical drives.

The method of installation explained below may also works for Edubuntu,Kubuntu and Xubuntu as well.

Guide on how to install Ubuntu 

I assume in this article, that you have a pre-installed Windows XP, Windows Vista, or Windows 7 version on your Pc, and you want to install and boot Ubuntu from a USB drive.

The latest installation CD of this operating system has a USB bootable disc creation tool. So if you have a machine with a CD drive, you can use the installation CD based tool to prepare a bootable drive.

Here i explain the simplest installation method which based on Windows that will get your work done in a matter of few minutes. Let me present the outline of the steps. First, you need to prepare the flash drive, by copying the ISO image to the drive and then reboot the computer from the flash drive to run the installation.

Prerequisites
You will need the Ubuntu Live CD or an ISO image of the latest version. Check that your computer satisfies the basic Ubuntu system requirements. Another obvious necessity is a USB flash drive, with at least 1 GB storage capacity.

You will need to download two software programs. One is '7-Zip', which is a free compression program available online. It can handle most types of compressed files. Another program that you'll need is Syslinux, which is a bootloader that will make the USB flash drive bootable.

Format USB Drive
Insert the drive in the appropriate port on your running Windows system. Right click on the USB drive icon in 'My Computer' and select the 'Format' option. Make sure that you select the file system to be FAT32 and not NTFS. This is essential as the installation does not work with NTFS formatting.

Install 7-Zip and Syslinux
Install the latest version of the 7-Zip program. Using it, you need to first extract Syslinux from its compressed form. To do that, right click on the downloaded file and choose the extraction option to extract the file to the desktop. Rename the extracted file folder as 'syslinux'.

Now, you need to open the 'Windows Command Prompt' program and type 'cd Desktop/syslinux/win32'. To install syslinux, type in the following command: syslinux - ma [USB Drive Name]:

Create a Bootable USB Drive
Next step, locate the ISO image of Ubuntu and right click on it to extract it to your hard drive. Simply copy and paste the extracted folder of the ISO image to the formatted USB drive. Copy all the files from the isolinux folder directly to the USB drive folder.

 That is, if the drive name is H, then transfer all files from H:\isolinux to H:\. With that, your work is done, your bootable USB is ready. To boot from USB, restart the computer and set the bootable drive to be the USB drive. To do this, you will have to press F12 and change the boot options through the BIOS screen. Once this is done, you can install the operating system from the flash drive to the hard drive or use it to boot into Ubuntu directly.

There is a program called Unetbootin, that has been specifically designed to create bootable USB drives. You could alternatively download that program and create your bootable flash drive directly.

Computer Motherboard Parts

What are the Computer Motherboard Parts
Knowing the basics of these Computer Motherboard parts will help you solve many problems that may arise from time to time. The layout and the manner in which the various parts are placed is known as the form factor. The shape of the case of the computer is also decided by the form factor.

To standardize the manner in which computers are assembled across the world, there are certain fixed models for deciding this form factor and most manufacturers adhere to these standards.

Computer Motherboard Parts

Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) Slot
Normally, the number of PCI slots on the motherboard could be anywhere between 1 and 6. The various peripherals like graphics cards, sound cards, ethernet cards, modems and DVD recorders are attached here, and the slots are 32 bit slots. PCI is a standard that has been around for almost two decades now, and a faster version of it known as PCI-E is also quite common today, and this allows the different computer components to be attached to the computer with ease.

Central Processing Unit (CPU) Socket
This socket is the home for your computer's processor. There are 2 types of sockets that are commonly used by the major processors (Intel and AMD), these are Pin Grid Array (PGA) and the Land Grid Array (LGA). The biggest advantage of these sockets is that they allow the simple swapping of processors inside a machine, and this allows computer users to really enhance the versatility of their computer.

Motherboard Battery Compartment
When you shut your system down, your data is stored using a battery on the motherboard. It is placed inside the battery compartment that is present on the surface of the board.


Power Connector
The motherboard requires the power to function properly and this power supply comes from the main power connector. There are usually two main types of connectors; 20 + 4 pins (when there are two connectors on the same motherboard), and the 24 pins.

RAM slots (DIMM and SIMM)
These are the slots that hold the RAM chips of your computer. They are usually of two types, DIMM (Double Inline Memory Module) and SIMM (Single Inline Memory Module). Memory chips of different sizes can be attached here so as to increase the efficiency of the machine, and to make it more comfortable to work on multiple programs at a time.


Apart from these components, the following are some peripherals that are specifically used for making connections with hardware devices. These connectors show up on the back panel of the computer, once the entire machine has been assembled and mounted.


USB (Universal Serial Bus) Port
There are many of these ports across the back panel. They are used for connecting external devices like USB flash drives, external hard disks, iPods, MP3 players and cameras. Every computer has at least 2 such ports, and more of them are always welcome. The versatility that USB ports offer is truly unmatched in the realm of computers.

PS/2 Connectors
Every motherboard contains two PS/2 connectors, one for the keyboard and one for the mouse. These are color coded ports (purple is for the keyboard and green is for the mouse) and have been around ever since computers showed up in the 80's. Today these ports are being edged out by USB ports, but they are still prevalent.



Display Connector
This port is used to connect the computer monitor of the machine to the back panel. This is the primary connection between the monitor and the CPU itself, so there is no question of this part being absent in any desktop computer.

Game Port
This port is mostly used to connect the devices that are used for gaming purposes. Gamepads, joysticks and other gaming accessories can be attached to the machine through this port and this flexibility is something that many users and gamers find highly useful.


Sound Card Connector
Your sound devices like headphones and microphones are connected here. Most computers have built in sound cards, but some people also choose to attach an additional sound card so as to improve the functionality of the machine. The most common use of this connector is for multimedia purposes.

All these parts are now a standard requirement for every computer to function properly, and their popularity has slowly transformed them into a necessity for every single computer motherboard

Top Laptops Choices for College Students

Laptops are important for student because it helps to study better and efficiently. With Internet connected to the laptop a student has all the information possible which helps them to gather study material for their different projects.

Laptops for college students should be light in weight, have good performance and Internet access to help them research online. Below are some important specifications checklist and some tips on buying laptops. Also recommended below are some of the best laptops for students and some affordable models too.

Computer Specification
One should buy a laptop for a college student keeping in mind the below specifications. Make sure you buy a powerful machine so that you do not have to get it upgraded every few months.

Size:
Laptop computers for college students should have a display monitor of 13 to 15 inches. The size should not be too big, because it might increase the weight of the laptop. A college student laptop should not be too heavy, as a student needs to carry it around the campus.


Graphics Card:
 A college student laptop should be able to do some basic photo editing. NVIDIA is well-known for its graphics card.

RAM and Hard Disk:
 A college student laptop should have a RAM of minimum 2GB, and a hard disk with a capacity of 160GB. A 2GB RAM will give good speed and performance. Also, a college student will require a laptop which will work well for at least the three years of his/her graduation. Today, everybody stores a lot of data on their computers. A 160GB hard drive will provide enough storage space for documents, e-books, music, movies, etc.

Looks:
When computer shopping, choose a good looking laptop, as this is an important aspect for college students. There are many different colors and designs available in laptops.

Important Things to Keep in Mind When Buying Student Laptops

Laptop for students should have features like Wi-Fi and bluetooth technology.
Students laptops should have a decent battery life of around 3 hours.
Before buying a student laptop, check if the laptop has got a sufficient number of ports.
It is advisable to fit an anti-theft device in the laptop.

Check for the upgrade-capacity of the RAM and graphics card, as newer versions of software and operating systems are heavier than their previous ones. These new versions eat up the RAM and hamper processing speed. So, you might need to upgrade your laptop in the future.
Look for a laptop with minimum 1 year warranty.
Also, check if you are getting any freebies with the laptop.

Best Laptops Choices

If you are a student studying computer graphics, then you will need a powerful RAM and a better graphics card. If you are studying business, then avoid a fancy, bright looking laptop. For engineering students a laptop which has a powerful RAM and large hard disk is necessary.

Apple MacBook Pro MC700LL
4 GB memory
Battery life around 7 hours
320 GB hard drive
13.3-inch screen

Dell XPS 15z
8GB RAM
2 GB Nvidia GeForce graphics card
Hard drive of 750 GB

Alienware M15x
4GB memory
320 GB hard drive
Widescreen of 15.6 inches
NVDIA GeForce GTX260M graphics card

Toshiba Satellite C655-S5118
3GB RAM upgradeable to 8GB15.6 inch display
320 GB hard drive
Battery life around 4 hours

Samsung Q430 14-Inch HD LED Laptop
4 GB memory
500 GB hard drive
Attractive aluminum display enclosure
Island style keyboard

Acer Aspire TimelineX AS4820T-7633
320 GB hard drive
4 GB memory
Intel HD Graphics
14 inch screen
Around 8 hours battery life

Lenovo G560 Series 067999U Laptop
4GB RAM
320 hard drive
15.6 inch screen


ASUS Eee PC 1001p
1 GB RAM, upgradeable to 2 GB
Integrated graphics controller
160 GB hard drive
8 hours battery life

Dell, Toshiba, and Samsung laptops have good performance and reliability, but they are not as good looking as compared to Mac.

Things to Consider When Buying a Laptop computer

Buying a laptop computer which meets all your needs can be a daunting task. Selecting the best laptop for you it needs a careful analysis of its potential uses. Therefore one  important things that you should do before buying one is to do a bit of fact-finding. You should try to analyze the reason for which you are going to buy a laptop like

These are some of the questions you should ask yourself as without proper research, you can very easily buy a laptop which is not compatible with your style of usage. The following are some of the important features which you should keep in mind when you buy a laptop computer.


Operating System
Most laptops are pre-loaded with Windows 7 or Windows Vista operating system. Windows operating system sells more than any other software, courtesy its impressive customization features and its compatibility with other computer games. Apart from Windows, the other operating systems which you can choose are Mac operating system and Linux, although the former is relatively expensive.


Form Factor
If you are going to use your laptop on the move, then netbooks and ultra-portables can be the ideal laptops for you. Both of these variants are lightweight and good for simple e-mailing and word processing. A word of caution though, the screen size in these compact laptops is generally around 10" to 12". As the priority is given to keep the weight and size in check, the keyboards are usually cramped. Thin and light laptops offer the perfect choice to users as these are compact enough to be carried along occasionally and have bigger screens along with a host of other features. If you have no plans of carry the laptop around, we would recommend choosing a bigger 14" or 16" screen.

Battery Life
Battery life is something that most laptop users complain about. As most laptops offer high quality features, the battery drains out rather too frequently. Do check the battery life of the laptop, although most of the time the battery life is mentioned in the brochure is measured under 'test conditions'.


Ports
Ports are essential when it comes to transferring data from the laptops and connecting scanners and printers. Notebooks and ultra-portables should have at least two ports. If you want to connect a camcorder to your laptop, do check for the Firewire (IEEE 1394) port.


Processors
It is advisable to go with a laptop which offers the fastest processor speeds, even if it means spending a little extra. Some recommended processors are Intel Core 2 Duo, i3, i5, i7 and Intel Centrino 2 with vPro technology. You can also choose processors from AMD as they have a wide range to choose from. While choosing the RAM, one of the most important things to remember is that it should have at least have a 1GB memory.


Apart from these features, you may also check if other features like Wi-Fi connectivity, CD/DVD writers, warranty, video cards, graphic cards.

Those were some features that you should look out for when choosing the best laptop for yourself.

Tips for buying a Notebook Batteries

Before you actually start looking for a suitable battery,First  you need to check the existing one. There are different kinds of notebook batteries available are NiCad, NiMH, and Lithium Ion. Each one has different properties, hence cannot be interchanged with each other.

The NiCad and NiMH ones are expensive and are also sensitive to high temperatures. The Lithium Ion batteries last longer and are not sensitive to high temperatures. They are light in weight and also not as expensive as NiCad and NiMH ones.

Things to Remember

• If you aiming at longer life or better performance than your current battery, check with the manufacturer for the battery compatibility.
• Find batteries which are light in weight and small in size. But at the same time, the size of the old and the new one should match.
• The stand-by time should be given utmost importance. The longer the stand-by time, the better the battery life.
• The warranty of the battery is also important. In case of any problems, it should be replaceable. Normally, these have a warranty of one year.
• Do not buy old batteries just because they are cheaper than the new ones. They will definitely not serve the purpose. In case you want to buy a used one, it should be used only in case of an emergency.
• There are 9 cell batteries available in the market now. Most of the notebooks normally have 6 cell batteries. But the 9 cell ones last longer than their 6 cell cousin.
• It is suggested to always buy one from authorized and reputed manufacturers and suppliers. It ensures that the product is indeed branded and authentic.

Tricks to Increase Battery Life

• One of the tricks is to use the energy saving mode.
• Decrease the resolution of the notebook to the limit that it is comfortable to read the displayed text.
• When not in use, let it be on stand-by mode. You can also remove the batteries from it.
• Turn off the peripherals which you are currently not using like the digital camera, etc. These peripherals, although not in use, pull energy from the battery.
• Try to use the notebook in cool temperature. When the temperature is hot, the battery loses its charge early.

Common Symptoms of Computer Virus..!!!!

There are a few distinct symptoms that can help one in identifying harmful and potentially dangerous viruses from infecting one's computer. Viruses come in many different forms and modes, and it gets very hard to regulate each and every application on our machines.

As a result, all our machines are susceptible to an attack from a computer virus at some point or the other, and sometimes even the very best antivirus software can overlook their presence. Recognizing some common symptoms can give us a head start in our battle against them.

A computer virus is a very small-sized program that has the ability to propagate from one machine to another, and then disrupt the working and the functionality of the infected machine. It is important to identify their presence as soon as possible or, it can lead to a loss of important data, and even a system crash in some cases. There are many programs that can aid one in eliminating their risk.

Symptoms of Computer Virus

The symptoms possess some distinct characteristics, and if your machine has been infected by one, it is very likely that you will see the effects immediately. The basic working of the computer will be greatly affected due to faulty performance, and you will be unable to perform many functions that you used to perform earlier with ease.

Some of the symptoms of infection are listed as follows.

• The computer is running considerably slower than normal for no apparent reason.
• The machine is crashing and restarting by itself after every few minutes.
• The machine is not responding in general, and everything is simply frozen.
• The antivirus software that you have is not working properly, or it has been disabled.
• You are unable to install a new antivirus program on your computer.
• Printouts that you take are faulty and incorrect.
• There are unexpected and unknown noises and sounds that come out on their own.
• Your programs and applications have disappeared from the machine without you intentionally deleting them.
• New windows keep opening up at an alarming rate
• There are error messages popping out on a regular basis.
• Your files and folders are getting deleted automatically.
• Your disks and drives are not working properly.
• There are unknown and uninstalled icons on your desktop suddenly.

The most annoying aspect of these is that it can crop up at any time, and once it comes, it can affect any part of your machine. It can disable many important applications and programs, and can even corrupt physical hardware on your machine. As a result of these symptoms, the workability of a machine gets seriously disabled, and it becomes impossible to perform any task at all.

At the end of the day, there are two things you can do. Firstly, you must get as much protection and computer security as possible and keep all your programs and system defenses updated, and secondly, you must act quickly in case you detect the presence of any of the aforementioned symptoms on your machine. Failure to do so could result in you losing a lot of precious data and information.

How to Bypass an Internet Filters Easily

The idea of Internet filtering refers to content control software or web filtering software designed for controlling the content that a user can access over the web. Often, Internet filter software are used in schools and offices to restrict user access to Internet resources.

An Internet filter is a software tool, with the help of which, web content accessible from a certain computer or network can be controlled. Internet filters serve as the means to monitor content that users of a particular computer or computer network are allowed to read. Internet filters can prove to be of help to parents who wish to monitor their kids' Internet use.

How Internet Filters Work
How does an Internet filter work? Internet filters can allow or block Internet access based on web content type or actual website URLs. The filtering can be done before the data reaches the client or before it is handled by the browser.

The allowing or blocking of web access is done by comparing browser requests with a predefined list of URLs to be banned. It can also be done by checking the incoming data on blocking parameters like content type and keywords. This allowing and blocking of web access is associated with terms like black list and white list.

The blacklisted site URLs are those which are disallowed access to, while those websites to which access is allowed are the white-listed ones. Internet filters can be used to ban access to websites that are marked under a certain category that is not intended for public use.

Net Nanny and Safe Eyes are some examples of Internet filters. Some Internet filtering methods restrict web users from searching for content. That is, web access is banned for a user who searches with controversial terms or 'blacklisted' words or phrases. Content labeling is another method used by Internet filters, wherein a small file describing the web page content is generated and used by the filter software to block or allow that page or website.

 Most of the browsers today, come with Internet filtering capabilities. They allow users to place websites under security categories that the browsers can use for content filtering. Choosing an Internet service provider that restricts access to certain types of web content, is another way of implementing Internet filters.

Bypassing Internet Filters
It is a threat to Internet safety. It may not seem right to bypass Internet filters. But there's another side to it. There's criticism over whether restricting web access is right. Sometimes, Internet filters are blamed for banning useful information.

 It's not always possible for a software to rightly filter every objectionable piece of content. At times, good content becomes a victim of web filtering, which is when bypassing Internet filters becomes a need.

Also, information that is offensive for one user may be useful for another. Controversial content which, some consider, should be banned, can be of use to individuals researching on the subject. The line of difference between what should be allowed and what should be blocked is not always defined.

Many times, the usefulness of web content depends on the users' interpretation of it. For these and other similar reasons, you might require to bypass Internet filters at work, home, or school.

How to Bypass Internet Filters?
Is it possible to easily bypass them? How exactly can that be done? Here are some easy ways.

Use Web Proxy
There are certain freely available web proxies that are downloadable from the Internet. They can help you bypass Internet filters employed in your school or at your workplace. You can search for free online proxies on the Internet. It will fetch you a list of free proxies that can be used. Or you could join a proxy mailing list to keep yourself updated with fresh proxies regularly.

A web proxy has an interface with a search box like element in which you can type the address of the website you intend to visit. On submitting the URL, you'll be directed to the website you didn't seem to have access to. Anonymous proxy servers are an effective means to bypass Internet filters.

The other option is to manually edit the proxy settings of your browser. You can actually set a proxy in the browser. For this, you'll need to go to Tools---}}}Options---}}}Connection Settings of your browser and change the proxy settings to a proxy.

 If you are using Internet Explorer, go to the LAN settings in the connections tab, click to select 'proxy server', copy the address of the public proxy that you have selected in the 'Address' field, type in the port number of the proxy address and click OK.

 If you are using Firefox, go to 'manual proxy configuration', write the proxy address and its port and check the 'use this proxy server for all protocols' option. This will enable you to use the same proxy for all the Internet protocols. Whenever you change the proxy, you will have to manually change the proxy settings for your browser.

Change the way you Browse
Browsing with text editors can help you. Open notepad, type the IP address of the website you intend to visit, save the file as filename.html and open it in a browser. Use the ping method to obtain the IP address of the website you wish to visit and remember to type the IP address with the 'http'. Opening the html file in a web browser should take you to the website you are looking for.

Remotely accessing the Internet is another method of easily bypassing Internet filters. Establish a remote connection with a computer that does not employ any kind of web filtering. With remote Internet access, bypassing Internet filters won't be a problem.

 If it's the browser which is restricting your web access, changing the browser or downloading a portable browser for use, should solve the problem. Another way to bypass web filters is to use web page translation sites. Use a translation site like bablefish or google translate, enter the address of the blocked website and select the 'translate to English' option. This method can be used to bypass web filters only if translation sites are not blocked.

Use the IP Address
This is one the best methods and it's also quite simple. All you need to do is go to the Command Prompt, type 'ping '. Here, enter the address of the website (without the http://) you wish to access by bypassing the web filter. You will see 'pinging [] in the window. The number, precisely, the set of four numbers, that follows the website name, is its IP address. You could also use the 'nslookup' by typing nslookup . Refer to the 'address' in the 'non-authoritative answer' field that appears after the command is executed. It is the IP address of the website you intend to access.

Note: If you don't have access to the command prompt, open notepad, type cd.. or cd\, then type cmd and save the file as 'cmd.bat'. Doubleclicking on the file should take you to the command prompt. This method serves as an easy Internet filter bypass.


Disabling Internet Filters
The first step in disabling web filters is to go to the control panel. Switch to Classic view, click on Internet Options, click on the Security tab, choose 'custom level' settings. It will take you to Security Settings - Internet Zone. Here, you'll be able to edit the Internet filter settings.

On the security tab, you'll find an option to change the security levels. Changing them might be of help. However, lowering the security levels can pose a major threat to your computer security. Changing your browser settings to disable the blocker is another way to go.

While adopting any of these methods for bypassing Internet filters, be careful. You might have to face legal consequences if you are breaching Internet security for the wrong reasons. After all, bypassing something that you are supposed to pass through, cannot be risk-free. So, be careful.

Trick on How to Remove Trojan Horse Virus

A Trojan horse is a type of computer virus which cannot duplicate by itself, but allows unauthorized access to the user's system. This computer virus is designed to allow hackers to gain access to a distant computer system. The hacker could steal data, install software, download or upload files, or even crash the computer system infected by the Trojan.

Trojans enter a computer mostly through the Internet. It could be through movie or music downloads, e-mail attachments, application exploits, or software downloads. Since hackers want to attack your system through the net, they disguise Trojan viruses in files which are popularly downloaded.

There are specific antivirus software designed for removing Trojans. They help in detecting as well as removing the virus from your system; certain malware protection applications also help in preventing them from entering your system. It is also possible to manually detect and uninstall files infected by the Trojan.

Options to Remove Trojans

TRICK. 1
Go to 'C' drive and click on 'Program Files' → 'Common' → 'Microsoft Shared' → 'Msinfo'. This particular program will show you all the processes, including the hidden processes, which are running on your windows system. Check all task listings and detect the ones you do not recognize. Open these tasks and also figure out their file names and paths. Let your virus scanner scan through all these files.

TRICK. 2
Open the anti-virus software you have installed in your computer, and allow it to run a virus scan through your computer. Once the scan is over, if there was any value detected in the registry, delete it. You can do this by clicking on the 'Run' option present in the 'Start' menu. In the space provided for typing, type 'regedit' and click on 'OK'. Find the value detected in the virus scan you ran before and delete it from your system.

TRICK. 3
The best way of Trojan removal from your system is to run a scan. Ensure that you have the latest and updated version of antivirus software available in the market which can efficiently spot and delete any spyware, virus or adware from your system. In case you do not have one, there are certain free spyware removal programs available as well. Allow the virus scanner to do its job and once all viruses are detected and deleted from your computer, restart the system and it should work fine.

Removing Trojans in Windows XP

 Log on to your system as an administrator.

Drag your mouse cursor on the 'My Computer' icon, right click on it and select the 'Properties' option.

Click on the 'System Restore' option and select the 'Turn off System Restore' option.

You will now have to start your computer in 'Safe Mode'. For this, shut down your system and also switch off the power.

Wait for a minute and start your computer once again.

As soon as the computer starts booting, tap the 'F8' key for the 'Windows Advanced Options' menus to appear.

From this menu, select the safe mode option. Hit 'Enter' to allow the computer to start in safe mode.

Run your anti adware and anti spyware programs in safe mode.

Restart your computer in the normal mode and rerun adware and spyware programs.

On getting a clean report, follow the instructions given earlier to turn on the system restore.

If on completing your cleanup task, you notice the damage to your system was substantial, it is better you erase all data from your hard disk and re-install the operating system and other important software once again.

Cases of computers being hacked through introduction of Trojans are increasing and hence, it is important to have necessary knowledge about deleting them. To prevent any such situations, avoid downloading unprotected and unsecured files from the internet and try to keep your anti-virus software up-to-date.

Trick on how to Data Recovery

Backup is better than recovery; just as 'prevention is better than cure'. Always keep a backup of your crucial data. In fact, you should not try the different recovery techniques on crucial data. It is always advisable, that in such cases, you contact a recovery agency which can provide you with accurate details as to what percentage of the data is in its recoverable form. This may cost you some bucks, but then, it is worth it if the lost information is important enough.

Various software and tools are used by data recovery agencies, which have been designed by their engineers, or may have been purchased by them. For recovery that you can undertake on your own, you can use the open source software that are available for download.

The first and the most important thing that you need to keep in mind, once you have realized that you have by accident deleted some data, is not to use the drive where you had stored it. Do the preliminary checking first, before you start with the recovery process. Check the recycle bin, if you have by accident deleted the data. Perform a search operation, using the search feature of your operating system, to check out if you have placed the it into some other location.

If you are using the Windows operating system, open the folder where you had stored your data and click on tools in the menu bar. Select 'folder options' from the tools menu and click on the view tab. Select 'Show hidden files and folder'. In case the files are hidden because of some virus problems, you may be able to view them again with this process.

Recovery Techniques

If all these processes do not help you out, you can start off with the recovery techniques. By the way, you must be wondering, how can deleted data be recovered? Let me try to explain. Computers store your data in the binary format, i.e., using only the digits 0 and 1.

 Once you delete some it or format the hard drive, that portion of the hard drive loses its name and identification (the word is address) and becomes free to allocate new data, but the binary digit format continues to exist in it.

 The only way this binary digit format can be lost is, if some other data is saved by the computer at the same location. The other way is of course, when you want to intentionally eliminate it from your system, and you have used a file shredding software to do the same.

Depending on the file system that you have chosen, while installing your operating system, download a compatible recovery software. Some software like N-Data recovery will work well for both FAT and NTFS, while NTFS file recovery will work only for NTFS file systems.

 Please make it a point to download the software into some other drive and not into the one from which you have lost your data. In fact, it is better if you download the software into another computer. Install the software in a drive that is not among the suspected list of drives, from where you think you have lost your data. Better install the software in a USB drive (pen drive or portable hard disk). Scan the suspected drives. The process will take some time and consume a lot of RAM, so avoid using the computer for any other work when the scan is in progress.

Save the recovered files (if they have been recovered at all) into a drive. If you do not get proper results, try some other software which has advanced features. There are software available which allow you to enter details like the type of file or the file extension of the file you are trying to recover.

This makes the recovery process for the software a lot simpler. The software available can be used on almost all types of memory, the hard disk, pen drive, or a portable music player.

These processes can help you recover the data, but there is no guarantee. Software are also available which will recover it in a different format and you will have to purchase a license key of the software, to reconvert your data into its original form.

 Some software will recover the data for you, but won't provide you with a facility to save it, unless you buy a license key. So, choose an open source software for the recovery process, if you do not want to spend any money.

Trick on How to Retrieve a Deleted Files from Recycle Bin

Sometimes, extremely important files on your computer get deleted by mistake, or sometimes, you delete them and later wish that you hadn't. The common thing in both cases is that you want to know how to retrieve them from recycle bin?

The answer to this question depends upon how long it has been since you deleted them. If it has been only a few hours or a couple of days, the answer is very easy. But, if you have done it months back, then it's a little difficult. The following paragraphs will provide you with some tips on recovering permanently erased items.

The Truth About Deleted Files

When you simply delete a file using the delete option from the right click menu, it goes to the recycle bin. You can easily recover this item using the restore option. When you delete a file from the recycle bin, or when you shift+delete it, the same process happens as in the case of deletion to the bin. You can restore such items just as easily, although there is a small difference between the two types.

 In the later case (which we think of as permanent deletion), the reference to the deleted item, or the address by which the item is found on the hard drive, is completely erased. Also, the space that was taken up by that file is made available for reuse by new files.

If this space gets occupied by new items, it becomes impossible to retrieve the old deleted file. The point is that you can easily recover deleted items and restore lost data, even if it was done a couple of hours ago.

File Retrieval on Mac

Once you realize that you want a certain item back, make sure that you do not save anything on your computer till you have recovered it. The file deletion and retrieval process works in the same way for both MacBook and Windows. There are two ways of recovering deleted items from your Mac.

 The first one is to use the timeline utility. All Macs that were manufactured after 2007 have this utility pre-installed. Using this utility is very easy; just launch it and go back on the timeline where you still had the file and restore it. This is how it is recovered.

 The other way to achieve the same thing is to use an external data recovery software. There are free and paid software available, which are easy to use and retrieve your files efficiently. For example: Disk Drill Basic, FileSalvage, etc.

File Retrieval on Windows

Recovering deleted items in all the versions of Windows operating system is more or less the same. Unfortunately, Windows does not have a utility such as timeline in Mac. There is a third-party program called deep freeze that reverses all the changes you made in your computer after a restart. But, this can have several disadvantages.

So, it is suggested that you use some other data recovery software program that lets you recover your items, without making any other changes on your system. Here is a small list of software, which you can use for safe file retrieval:

1.Recuva
2.Wondershare Data Recovery
3.TuneUp Utilities
4.TestDisk
5.Recover My Files
6.FileRestorePlus
7.Norton Utilities
8.Data Recovery Pro

Thus, the important thing is to avoid saving anything on your computer till you have got your deleted file back. Because if the space gets overwritten, it will become impossible to retrieve it.

6 Ways to Increase Download Speed in your pc

1.Running Programs

Shut down all the programs and applications that are running in the background, while you are downloading. This will considerably speed up the entire process. It is also advisable to set the downloads for a particular time, when you are not working on your PC; it means that there are no programs running in the background that can slow down the speed.

2.Antivirus Software

It will carry out regular updates and security scans. While these processes are going on, the entire machine will run much slower than normal. This is something that is unavoidable, so you must ensure that your downloads and scans are not functioning at the same time.


3.Internet Connection

The first thing that you need to take into consideration is the Internet connection. If you do not have broadband Internet, then you should get it, since it is much faster than the old dial-up Internet connection. If you are already on an active cable connection, ask your Internet Service Provider (ISP) about more advanced options. The Internet speed is obviously the most vital thing; the faster it is, the better will be your download speed.

4.Prioritize Downloads

If you are downloading too many files at the same time, all of them will be running at slower speeds. You need to decide whether one type of download is more important than another, and pause the rest till the most crucial one is not completed. The more you prioritize your downloads, the faster they will be completed.

5.Download Accelerator

There are certain free software downloads available over the Internet, that are known as download accelerators. These manage the active downloads on your machine, and increase its performance during downloading process. These programs alter the way by which the machines resources are distributed, which can help you in different ways. If you are looking to increase speed in BitTorrent, a download accelerator is surely a solution for you.

6.Time of Download

Sometimes, there are more people trying to download the same file as you are, during a particular time of the day. If you find out that your download speed is immensely slow, then maybe you should just try at a different time. When there is less traffic, the download speed will be noticeably higher.

How to delete cookies in Chrome

 Although cookies are very useful to navigate the Internet,but  you are  definitely need to know the basics of removing your cookie files in your machine so you can protect your privacy when you are online.


Always there are two types of cookies which are regular text browser cookies and flash cookies. To ensure maximum web browsing privacy, you have to delete both types of cookies.

Too many Internet users delete cookies which are text-based and leave flash cookies intact. This does not  protect your privacy when you are online. You have to know how to delete flash cookies, too.

There is no one standardized way to remove cookies since different browsers clear cookies using different procedures.

This page helps you manage cookies by guiding you on how to remove cookies on the Chrome browser.

Use the steps below to clear cookies in Chrome browser.

1: At the top right side of your browser toolbar, click on the Chrome icon

2: Click on Settings

3: Scroll to the bottom and click 'Show advanced settings'

4: Under 'Privacy', you will see 'Content Settings', click on this

5: Under 'Cookies', you will see 'All cookies and site data', click on this.
  Please note that you can block cookies altogether from being set on your browser by clicking 'Block sites from setting any data.' Unfortunately, many websites you browse will stop working if you do this.
 It is better if you just periodically clear your cookies manually instead of preventing them from being set by your browser.

6: You will see a full listing of all your cookies. You can click REMOVE ALL to clear all your cookies or you can pick a particular website and clear your cookies from that site.